NASA’s Juno Explores Jupiter and Io Beneath Their Surfaces

### Quick Summary
– NASA’s Juno mission has revealed new data about Jupiter’s cyclones and the volcanic activity of its moon, Io.
– Findings were presented at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly in Vienna on April 29.
– Key discoveries include:
– A model explaining Jupiter’s polar jet stream and northern cyclone dynamics using long-term observations.
– Subsurface temperature profiles of Io showing evidence of warm magma beneath cooled surface crust. Nearly 10% of Io’s surface harbors remnants of slowly cooling lava flows that aid in efficiently transporting heat from its core to its surface, akin to a radiator system.
– The most energetic volcanic eruption ever observed on Io was still active as recently as March 2 (observations ongoing).
– Juno began radio occultation experiments exploring Jupiter’s atmospheric temperature structure during orbit #53; findings show Jupiter’s north pole stratosphere is approximately cooler by 11°C than surrounding areas, encircled by winds surpassing ~161 km/hr (~100 mph).
– Cyclones near jupiter’s north pole drift due to forces like Coriolis effect-similar yet distinct from Earth-and stabilize collectively via spring-like interactions between neighboring systems.

Further data will continue to deepen understanding during subsequent flybys including one over io on May 6 where proximity estimates close-up tracking phases nearing trajectories.
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### Indian Opinion Analysis
NASA’s advancements under Juno expand scientific frontiers about planetary phenomena, which carry notable implications for both astronomy and applied sciences like atmospheric modeling and geophysics worldwide-including India specifically catering-engaged research co-learning across adjacent innovations Satellite-recon libraries brimming visibility global engagement outer-orbital /robust cyclical-space impactecosystemintl.! AI