How Math Determines the Validity of Scientific Discoveries

Rapid Summary

• The article, authored by Jacob Aron, highlights mathematical tools used to assess “statistical significance” in scientific discoveries.
• Phrases like “5 sigma” thresholds are commonly cited in research to determine the rarity or validity of findings.
• These statistical calculations are often subject to assumptions and can be manipulated, perhaps exaggerating claims.
• A humorous comparison is made with Terry Pratchett’s Discworld, where improbable odds seem commonplace due to narrative-driven outcomes.

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