Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 16, April 2025. SignificancePrimary cilia are micrometers-long and 250-nm thin microtubule-based antennas responsible for transducing numerous signaling pathways in vertebrate
Limited color channels in fluorescence microscopy have long constrained spatial analysis in biological specimens. We introduce cycle hybridization chain reaction (cycleHCR), a method that integrates multicycle DNA barcoding with HCR
The design of enzymes with complex active sites that mediate multistep reactions remains an outstanding challenge. With serine hydrolases as a model system, we combined the generative capabilities of RFdiffusion
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) require different transcription factors for their cell fate stabilization and survival, which suggests that separate mechanisms are involved. In this
Main In recent years, there has been a surge in new therapies that target cell surface molecules, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells1,2,3,4.
This mosaic shows fighting between men and beasts. Such fights took place throughout much of the Roman Empire. (Image credit: Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images) Bite marks on a 1,800-year-old
There are many types of cancer, which are diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. (Image credit: KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty Images) Quick facts about cancer Causes: Genetics, environmental
NASA‘s Lucy spacecraft has captured its first high-resolution images of an asteroid, revealing a bizarrely shaped 150-million-year-old space rock. The asteroid Donaldjohanson formed when two smaller objects smashed into each
A cross-section of the new copper alloy, with the orange dots representing copper atoms, the yellow tantalum atoms and the blue lithium atoms. (Image credit: Lehigh University) In a first,
Magnetars are capable of ripping apart anything that gets too close to their powerful magnetic fields. (Image credit: Getty Images) Astronomers have spotted an immensely powerful “zombie star” shooting through
