India’s Transport System Remains Heavily Dependent on Imported Oil

India’s transport system remains heavily dependent on oil, with road transport carrying about 85% of passenger movement and nearly 70% of freight. More than 90% of the crude used is imported, leaving the economy exposed to fluctuations in global oil prices.

This dependence can feed inflation and worsen air pollution, particularly in cities such as Delhi. Vehicular emissions there have a substantial effect on air quality and public health. The transport mix and its reliance on imported crude remain central issues in any reassessment of India’s independence and economic security.